Open knowledge for the human body beyond Earth.
Advancing open access to space medicine knowledge for clinicians, researchers, and the public.
Learning paths · Start as ▸ PublicStudentClinicianResearcherOperator / Spaceflight participantAstronaut & candidate
What happens to the human body in space?
Fluid shift, eyes, balance, heart, bones, muscles, radiation and the return to Earth, system by system, with a mission timeline and cited figures.
Read the guide ›Hazards · RIDGE
Radiation
GCR, solar particle events and trapped belts beyond Earth's protective magnetosphere.
Isolation & Confinement
Behavioral health, sleep, team dynamics in small, closed crews.
Distance from Earth
Medical autonomy, communication delay, no rapid evacuation.
Gravity Fields
Microgravity, partial gravity, and the transitions between them.
Hostile/Closed Environment
Atmosphere & CO₂, toxicology, microbiology, noise, dust.
Mission phases
Clinical · for clinicians
Clinician quick-start
Seeing a patient who flew — or will fly — to space: what to ask, check and refer.
Section 02Clinical section
NASA-STD-3001 in plain clinical language: screening, countermeasures, emergencies, postflight care.
ReferenceStandards quick reference
NASA-STD-3001 Vol. 1 & 2 structure and key requirement IDs, with official links.
Equipment · clinics & kits
Equipment section
What to stock and why: clinic equipment for pre- and post-flight evaluations, and medical kits by mission type.
Design guidePre-Flight & Post-Flight Clinic
Room-by-room layout and an essential / recommended / advanced build, organized by evaluation domain.
ComparisonMission Medical Kits
Drugs, diagnostics, airway and procedures from suborbital to Mars, and what changes with distance.
Research · evidence & open questions
How space medicine evidence works
Tiny samples, Earth analogs, models, and how to read SMF's certainty grades.
AtlasRisk & Gap Atlas
A plain-language page for each of NASA's 21 active human-system risks, with ratings, gaps and research.
Landmark studiesTwins, Inspiration4, ISS cohorts, bed rest
What the key studies found, what reversed, and their limits.
AnalogsEarth analogs
Bed rest, Antarctica, HI-SEAS, NEEMO, Mars-500, HERA, CHAPEA and parabolic flight.
Learn · paths, cases & self-assessment
Space Medicine 101
The five spaceflight hazards in plain language, with links to the clinical and research pages.
Learning pathsA reading list for you
Ordered paths for primary care, emergency medicine, flight medicine, nurses, students, the public and researchers.
Case filesFictional teaching cases
Seven composite cases: presentation, questions, reveal and teaching points.
Self-assessment30 practice questions
Multiple choice with answers and explanations. Educational only; no CME credit.
Interactive explorers
Body map
Pick a part of the body to see what spaceflight does to it, what crews do about it, and where to read more.
ExplorerMission timeline
Slide from launch to landing to recovery for a short flight, a space station stay, the Moon or Mars, and see which risks matter when.
ExplorerKnowledge graph
An interactive map of how this site’s hazards, topics, clinical pages, research and NASA standards connect.
Telemetry · command center prototype
Crew Health Command Center
A flight-surgeon style dashboard from pre-launch to recovery: heart, breathing, cabin air, radiation, G-load and more, with scenarios such as motion sickness, a kidney stone in flight and a solar storm. Simulated demo data, not a real person.
SourcesThresholds and sources
Every caution and alert limit links to NASA-STD-3001 or a NASA brief, or is labeled illustrative.
Robotic Medicine · care robots in spaceflight
Robotic Medicine
What robots could safely do for crew health as missions go farther from Earth. The flight surgeon stays in charge, and the robot never diagnoses.
OutlineCapabilities at a glance
Nine care domains against three autonomy levels: feasible now, near-term or speculative.
Library indexRobot-readable protocol library
81 conceptual protocols in 17 body-system categories, with shared safety rules. Not for clinical use.
Series · Part 4Walking RMP-PHARM-001
Barcode check, mismatch quarantine and logged CMO override — a plain-English walk of the pharmacy protocol. Conceptual; not for clinical use.
Tools · calculators & checklists
All tools
Six educational calculators and checklists that run in your browser, plus live space weather.
CalculatorRadiation dose estimator
Mission dose vs NASA's 600 mSv career limit, with reference missions from low Earth orbit to Mars.
TimelinePost-flight recovery
Enter a landing date: orthostatic, balance, fitness, bone and eye milestones as calendar dates.
ChecklistCommercial flyer screening
FAA screening guidance and 14 CFR Part 460 operator duties, printable.
CalculatorMoon & Mars signal delay
Light-time on any date, with send and arrival times in Eastern Time.
Starter topics
Behavioral Health & Performance in Isolation and Confinement
Long missions bring stress, poor sleep, low mood and crew conflict. Most people cope well with support; selection, contact with home and good sleep matter most.
Isolation & ConfinementDistance from EarthBehavioral Health & Sleep
SMF-T-0009 ·Spaceflight Bone Loss
Without the load of gravity, the hip and spine lose bone fast in space. Heavy exercise protects most of it, but recovery after landing is slow and can be incomplete.
Gravity FieldsMusculoskeletalRenal & GU
SMF-T-0011 ·Orthostatic Intolerance on Landing
After weightlessness, many crew feel lightheaded or faint when they stand because blood pools in the legs. It is worse after long flights and usually improves within days.
Gravity FieldsCardiovascular
SMF-T-0007 ·Space Motion Sickness & Space Adaptation Syndrome
Also called space adaptation syndrome (SAS). Most first-time flyers feel sick for 2–3 days in weightlessness while the brain re-learns balance; it usually settles, and treatment works well.
Gravity FieldsVestibular & SensorimotorGI & Nutrition
SMF-T-0002 ·Space Radiation Environment & Biological Effects
Outside Earth's protection, astronauts absorb more radiation, mainly raising long-term cancer risk. NASA caps career dose; time in deep space is the main limit.
RadiationOncologyNeurological & Cognitive
SMF-T-0006 ·Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS)
Long flights can cause swelling at the back of the eye, flattening of the eyeball and a shift toward farsightedness. Most cases are mild; the cause is still being studied.
Gravity FieldsHostile/Closed EnvironmentNeuro-ophthalmicNeurological & Cognitive